1. Intangiriro

Zinc telluride (ZnTe) ningirakamaro ya II-VI itsinda rya semiconductor hamwe nuburyo butaziguye. Ku bushyuhe bwicyumba, umurongo wacyo ugera kuri 2.26eV, kandi ugasanga porogaramu nini mubikoresho bya optoelectronic, selile izuba, ibyuma bifata imirasire, nibindi bice. Iyi ngingo izatanga ibisobanuro birambuye kubikorwa bitandukanye bya synthesis ya zinc telluride, harimo reaction ya reta ikomeye, ubwikorezi bwumuyaga, uburyo bushingiye kubisubizo, epitaxy ya molekile beam, nibindi. Buri buryo buzasobanurwa neza ukurikije amahame, inzira, ibyiza nibibi, hamwe nibitekerezo byingenzi.

2. Uburyo bukomeye bwa leta yuburyo bwa ZnTe Synthesis

2.1 Ihame

Uburyo bukomeye bwa reaction nuburyo busanzwe bwo gutegura zinc telluride, aho zinc-isuku nyinshi na tellurium zifata neza mubushyuhe bwinshi kugirango ZnTe:

Zn + Te → ZnTe

2.2 Uburyo burambuye

2.2.1 Gutegura ibikoresho bito

1. Guhitamo Ibikoresho: Koresha granules-isukuye cyane na tellurium ibibyimba bifite isuku ≥99.999% nkibikoresho byo gutangira.
2. Gutegura ibikoresho:
   • Kuvura Zinc: Banza winjire muri acide hydrochloric (5%) muminota 1 kugirango ukureho okiside yo hejuru, kwoza amazi ya deioniyo, kwoza hamwe na Ethanol ya anhydrous, hanyuma wumishe mumatara ya vacuum kuri 60 ° C mumasaha 2.
   • Kuvura Tellurium: Banza winjire muri aqua regia (HNO₃: HCl = 1: 3) mumasegonda 30 kugirango ukureho okiside yo hejuru, kwoza n'amazi ya deionione kugeza utabogamye, ukarabe na Ethanol ya anhidrous, hanyuma ukuma mu ziko rya vacuum kuri 80 ° C mumasaha 3.
3. Gupima: Gupima ibikoresho fatizo mubipimo bya stoichiometric (Zn: Te = 1: 1). Urebye ibishoboka bya zinc ihindagurika mubushyuhe bwinshi, ibirenga 2-3% birashobora kongerwamo.

2.2.2 Kuvanga ibikoresho

1. Gusya no Kuvanga: Shyira zinc yapimwe na tellurium muri minisiteri ya agate hanyuma usya muminota 30 mumasanduku yuzuye gants ya argon kugeza bivanze kimwe.
2. Pelletizing: Shira ifu ivanze mubibumbano hanyuma ukande muri pelleti ifite diameter ya 10-20mm munsi yumuvuduko wa 10-15MPa.

2.2.3 Gutegura ibyombo

1. Umuti wa Quartz Tube: Hitamo umuyoboro mwinshi wa quartz (diameter y'imbere 20-30mm, uburebure bwurukuta 2-3mm), banza winjire muri aqua regia mumasaha 24, kwoza neza n'amazi ya deioni, hanyuma wumishe mu ziko kuri 120 ° C.
2. Kwimuka: Shyira pellet yibikoresho mubikoresho bya quartz, uhuze na sisitemu ya vacuum, hanyuma wimuke kuri ≤10⁻³Pa.
3. Gufunga: Funga umuyoboro wa quartz ukoresheje urumuri rwa hydrogène-ogisijeni, urebe ko uburebure bwa mm 50mm bwo guhumeka neza.

2.2.4 Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru

1. Icyiciro cya mbere cyo gushyushya: Shyira umuyoboro wa quartz ufunze mu itanura ryumuriro hanyuma ushushe kugeza kuri 400 ° C ku gipimo cya 2-3 ° C / min, ufate amasaha 12 kugirango ubone reaction ya mbere hagati ya zinc na tellurium.
2. Icyiciro cya kabiri cyo gushyushya: Komeza gushyushya 950-1050 ° C (munsi ya quartz yoroshye ya 1100 ° C) kuri 1-2 ° C / min, ufate amasaha 24-48.
3. Umuyoboro wa Tube: Mugihe cyubushyuhe bwo hejuru, shyira itanura kuri 45 ° buri masaha 2 hanyuma utere inshuro nyinshi kugirango umenye neza kuvanga reaction.
4. Gukonjesha: Nyuma yo kurangiza reaction, shyira buhoro buhoro ubushyuhe bwicyumba kuri 0.5-1 ° C / min kugirango wirinde guturika byatewe nubushyuhe bwumuriro.

2.2.5 Gutunganya ibicuruzwa

1. Gukuraho ibicuruzwa: Fungura umuyoboro wa quartz mu gasanduku ka glove hanyuma ukureho reaction.
2. Gusya: Ongera ibicuruzwa mubifu kugirango ukureho ibikoresho byose bidakozwe.
3. Annealing: Shyira ifu kuri 600 ° C munsi yikirere cya argon amasaha 8 kugirango ugabanye imihangayiko yimbere kandi utezimbere.
4. Ibiranga: Kora XRD, SEM, EDS, nibindi, kugirango wemeze ubuziranenge bwicyiciro hamwe nibigize imiti.

2.3

1. Kugenzura Ubushyuhe: Ubushyuhe bwiza ni 1000 ± 20 ° C. Ubushyuhe bwo hasi bushobora kuvamo reaction ituzuye, mugihe ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bushobora gutera ihindagurika rya zinc.
2. Kugenzura Igihe: Gufata umwanya bigomba kuba ≥ amasaha 24 kugirango urebe neza.
3. Igipimo cyo gukonjesha: Gukonja buhoro (0.5-1 ° C / min) bitanga ingano nini za kirisiti.

2.4 Isesengura ryibyiza nibibi

Ibyiza:

• Inzira yoroshye, ibikoresho bike bisabwa
• Birakwiriye kubyara umusaruro
• Ibicuruzwa byinshi

Ibibi:

• Ubushyuhe bukabije, gukoresha ingufu nyinshi
• Ingano zingana zingana
• Irashobora kuba irimo ibintu bike bidakorewe

3. Uburyo bwo gutwara imyuka ya ZnTe Synthesis

3.1 Ihame

Uburyo bwo gutwara imyuka bukoresha gaze itwara imyuka itwara imyuka iva mukarere k’ubushyuhe buke kugirango ishyirwe, bigere ku cyerekezo cya ZnTe mu kugenzura ubushyuhe bw’ubushyuhe. Iyode isanzwe ikoreshwa nkumukozi ushinzwe gutwara abantu:

ZnTe (s) + I₂ (g) ⇌ ZnI₂ (g) + 1/2Te₂ (g)

3.2 Uburyo burambuye

3.2.1 Gutegura ibikoresho bibisi

1. Guhitamo Ibikoresho: Koresha ifu yuzuye ya ZnTe (ubuziranenge ≥99.999%) cyangwa ifu ya stoichiometricique ivanze na Zn na Te.
2. Gutegura abakozi bashinzwe ubwikorezi: Kirisitu ya Yode ifite isuku nyinshi (ubuziranenge ≥99.99%), urugero rwa 5-10mg / cm³ ya reaction ya tube.
3. Umuti wa Quartz Tube: Kimwe nuburyo bukomeye bwo gufata ibyemezo, ariko birasabwa imiyoboro ya quartz ndende (300-400mm).

3.2.2

1. Gushyira Ibikoresho: Shyira ifu ya ZnTe cyangwa Zn + Te ivanze kuruhande rumwe rwa quartz.
2. Kwiyongera kwa Iyode: Ongeramo kode ya iyode kumuyoboro wa quartz mumasanduku ya gants.
3. Kwimuka: Kwimuka kuri ≤10⁻³Pa.
4. Gufunga: Funga hamwe na hydrogène-ogisijeni yumuriro, ukomeza umuyoboro utambitse.

3.2.3 Gushiraho Ubushyuhe Buke

1. Ubushyuhe bwa Zone Ubushyuhe: Shyira kuri 850-900 ° C.
2. Ubushyuhe bwa Zone Ubukonje: Shyira kuri 750-800 ° C.
3. Uburebure bwa zone ya Gradient: Hafi 100-150mm.

3.2.4

1. Icyiciro cya mbere: Shyushya kugeza kuri 500 ° C kuri 3 ° C / min, fata amasaha 2 kugirango wemererwe gutangira hagati ya iyode nibikoresho fatizo.
2. Icyiciro cya kabiri: Komeza gushyushya ubushyuhe bwashyizweho, komeza ubushyuhe, kandi ukure iminsi 7-14.
3. Gukonja: Nyuma yo gukura kurangiye, shyira ubushyuhe bwicyumba kuri 1 ° C / min.

3.2.5 Gukusanya ibicuruzwa

1. Gufungura umuyoboro: Fungura igituba cya quartz mumasanduku ya gants.
2. Icyegeranyo: Kusanya ZnTe kristu imwe kumpera ikonje.
3. Isuku: Ultrasonically isukuye hamwe na Ethanol ya anhydrous muminota 5 kugirango ukureho iyode-yoroderi.

3.3 Ingingo zo kugenzura inzira

1. Kugenzura Amafaranga Yode: Kwibanda kwa Iyode bigira ingaruka ku kigero cyo gutwara; intera nziza ni 5-8mg / cm³.
2. Ubushyuhe bwa Gradeent: Komeza icyiciro cya 50-100 ° C.
3. Igihe cyo gukura: Mubisanzwe iminsi 7-14, bitewe nubunini bwa kirisiti.

3.4 Isesengura ry'inyungu n'ibibi

Ibyiza:

• Ibiranga ubuziranenge bwo hejuru birashobora kuboneka
• Ingano nini ya kirisiti
• Isuku ryinshi

Ibibi:

• Inzira ndende yo gukura
• Ibikoresho bikenewe cyane
• Umusaruro muke

4. Uburyo bushingiye kubisubizo kuri ZnTe Nanomaterial Synthesis

4.1 Ihame

Uburyo bushingiye kubisubizo bugenzura preursor reaction mugisubizo cyo gutegura ZnTe nanoparticles cyangwa nanowires. Igisubizo gisanzwe ni:

Zn²⁺ + HTe⁻ + OH⁻ → ZnTe + H₂O

4.2 Uburyo burambuye

4.2.1

1. Inkomoko ya Zinc: Acetate ya Zinc (Zn (CH₃COO) ₂ · 2H₂O), ubuziranenge ≥99.99%.
2. Inkomoko ya Tellurium: Dioxyde ya Tellurium (TeO₂), ubuziranenge ≥99.99%.
3. Kugabanya Umukozi: Sodium borohydride (NaBH₄), ubuziranenge ≥98%.
4. Umuti: Amazi ya Deionised, Ethylenediamine, Ethanol.
5. Surfactant: Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB).

4.2.2 Gutegura Tellurium

1. Gutegura igisubizo: Kuramo 0.1mmol TeO₂ mumazi ya 20ml.
2. Kugabanya Ingaruka: Ongeramo 0.5mmol NaBH₄, koga magnetiki muminota 30 kugirango ubone igisubizo cya HTe⁻.
   TeO₂ + 3BH₄⁻ + 3H₂O → HTe⁻ + 3B (OH) ₃ + 3H₂↑
3. Ikirere gikingira: Komeza azote yuzuye kugirango wirinde okiside.

4.2.3 ZnTe Nanoparticle Synthesis

1. Gutegura igisubizo cya Zinc: Kuramo 0.1mmol acincate ya zinc muri 30ml Ethylenediamine.
2. Kuvanga reaction: Buhoro buhoro ongeramo HTe⁻ igisubizo cya zinc, reba kuri 80 ° C mumasaha 6.
3. Centrifugation: Nyuma yo kubyitwaramo, centrifuge kuri 10,000rpm kuminota 10 yo gukusanya ibicuruzwa.
4. Gukaraba: Ubundi gukaraba hamwe na Ethanol n'amazi ya deionioni inshuro eshatu.
5. Kuma: Vacuum yumye kuri 60 ° C mumasaha 6.

4.2.4 ZnTe Nanowire Synthesis

1. Inyandikorugero Yongeyeho: Ongeraho 0.2g CTAB kubisubizo bya zinc.
2. Hydrothermal Reaction: Hindura igisubizo kivanze kuri 50ml itondekanya autoclave, reba kuri 180 ° C mumasaha 12.
3. Nyuma yo gutunganya: Kimwe na nanoparticles.

4.3

1. Kugenzura Ubushyuhe: 80-90 ° C kuri nanoparticles, 180-200 ° C kuri nanowire.
2. pH Agaciro: Komeza hagati ya 9-11.
3. Igihe cyo Kwitwara: Amasaha 4-6 kuri nanoparticles, amasaha 12-24 kuri nanowire.

4.4 Isesengura ryibyiza nibibi

Ibyiza:

• Ubushyuhe buke, kuzigama ingufu
• Kugenzura morphologie nubunini
• Birakwiye kubyara umusaruro munini

Ibibi:

• Ibicuruzwa birashobora kuba birimo umwanda
• Irasaba nyuma yo gutunganywa
• Ubwiza bwa kirisiti

5. Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) ya ZnTe Gutegura Filime Ntoya

5.1 Ihame

MBE ikura ZnTe imwe ya firime yoroheje yerekana icyerekezo cya molekuline ya Zn na Te kuri substrate mugihe cya ultra-high vacuum conditions, igenzura neza ibipimo bya flux flux hamwe nubushyuhe bwa substrate.

5.2 Uburyo burambuye

5.2.1 Gutegura Sisitemu

1. Sisitemu ya Vacuum: Base vacuum ≤1 × 10⁻⁸Pa.
2. Gutegura Inkomoko:
   • Inkomoko ya Zinc: 6N-isuku nyinshi zinc muri BN ikomeye.
   • Inkomoko ya Tellurium: 6N-isuku-yuzuye ya tellurium muri PBN ikomeye.
3. Gutegura Substrate:
   • Bikunze gukoreshwa GaAs (100) substrate.
   • Isuku ya Substrate: Gusukura ibinyabuzima byangiza → acide acide → amazi ya deionised → gukama azote.

5.2.2 Inzira yo Gukura

1. Substrate Outgassing: Guteka kuri 200 ° C kumasaha 1 kugirango ukureho adsorbates.
2. Gukuraho Oxide: Shyushya kuri 580 ° C, fata iminota 10 kugirango ukureho okiside yo hejuru.
3. Gukura kwa Buffer: Gukonja kugeza 300 ° C, gukura 10nm ZnTe.
4. Iterambere nyamukuru:
   • Ubushyuhe bwo hasi: 280-320 ° C.
   • Zinc beam ihwanye nigitutu: 1 × 10⁻⁶Torr.
   • Tellurium beam ihwanye nigitutu: 2 × 10⁻⁶Torr.
   • Ikigereranyo cya V / III cyagenzuwe kuri 1.5-2.0.
   • Igipimo cyubwiyongere: 0.5-1μm / h.
5. Annealing: Nyuma yo gukura, anneal kuri 250 ° C muminota 30.

5.2.3

1. Gukurikirana RHEED: Kwitegereza-igihe nyacyo cyo kwiyubaka hejuru nuburyo bwo gukura.
2. Mass Spectrometry: Kurikirana ubukana bwa molekuline.
3. Infrared Thermometry: Kugenzura neza ubushyuhe bwubushyuhe.

5.3 Ingingo zo kugenzura inzira

1. Kugenzura Ubushyuhe: Ubushyuhe bwa substrate bugira ingaruka kumiterere ya kristu hamwe na morfologiya yo hejuru.
2. Ikigereranyo cya Flux Igipimo: Ikigereranyo cya Te / Zn kigira ingaruka ku nenge no kwibanda.
3. Igipimo cyubwiyongere: Igipimo cyo hasi kizamura ubwiza bwa kristu.

5.4 Isesengura ryibyiza nibibi

Ibyiza:

• Guhitamo neza no kugenzura doping.
• Filime nziza-imwe ya firime.
• Ubusanzwe ubuso buringaniye bugerwaho.

Ibibi:

• Ibikoresho bihenze.
• Iterambere ryihuta.
• Irasaba ubuhanga buhanitse bwo gukora.

6. Ubundi buryo bwa Synthesis

6.1 Kubika imyuka ya chimique (CVD)

1. Ababanjirije: Diethylzinc (DEZn) na diisopropyltelluride (DIPTe).
2. Ubushyuhe bwa reaction: 400-500 ° C.
3. Gazi itwara: Azote cyangwa hydrogene nziza cyane.
4. Umuvuduko: Atmospheric cyangwa umuvuduko muke (10-100Torr).

6.2 Guhumeka Ubushyuhe

1. Inkomoko y'ibikoresho: Ifu yuzuye-ZnTe ifu.
2. Urwego rwa Vacuum: ≤1 × 10⁻⁴Pa.
3. Ubushyuhe Ubushyuhe: 1000-1100 ° C.
4. Ubushyuhe bwa Substrate: 200-300 ° C.

7. Umwanzuro

Uburyo butandukanye burahari muguhuza zinc telluride, buriwese ufite ibyiza n'ibibi. Imyitwarire ikomeye irakenewe mugutegura ibikoresho byinshi, ubwikorezi bwumwuka butanga umusaruro mwiza wo mu rwego rwo hejuru, uburyo bwo gukemura nibyiza kuri nanomaterial, kandi MBE ikoreshwa muri firime nziza cyane. Porogaramu ifatika igomba guhitamo uburyo bukwiye bushingiye kubisabwa, hamwe no kugenzura byimazeyo ibipimo kugirango ubone ibikoresho bya ZnTe bikora neza. Icyerekezo kizaza kirimo ubushyuhe buke, kugenzura morphologie, hamwe na doping inzira nziza.