1. Intangiriro

Antimoni, nk'icyuma cy'ingenzi kidakoresha feri, gikoreshwa cyane mu bintu bigabanya umuriro, aloyi, semiconductors n'ibindi. Ariko, amabuye ya antimoni mu miterere akunze kubana na arsenic, bigatuma habaho arsenic nyinshi muri antimoni idafite feri bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku mikorere n'ikoreshwa ry'ibicuruzwa bya antimoni. Iyi ngingo isobanura uburyo butandukanye bwo gukuraho arsenic mu gutunganya antimoni idafite feri, harimo gutunganya pyrometallurgical, gutunganya hydrometallurgical, no gutunganya electrolytic, isobanura amahame yabyo, inzira z'imikorere, imiterere y'imikorere, n'inyungu/ibibi.

2. Gutunganya pyrometallurgiska kugira ngo ikureho Arsenic

2.1 Uburyo bwo gutunganya alkali

2.1.1 Ihame

Uburyo bwo gutunganya alkaline bukuraho arsenic hashingiwe ku buryo arsenic n'ibinyabutabire by'icyuma bya alkali bihinduka arsenate. Ingano nyamukuru z'uburyo:
2As + 3Na₂CO₃ → 2Na₃AsO₃ + 3CO ↑
4Nkuko + 5O₂ + 6Na₂CO₃ → 4Na₃AsO₄ + 6CO₂↑

2.1.2 Inzira y'Ibikorwa

1. Gutegura ibikoresho fatizo: Sukura antimoni ishaje mo uduce twa mm 5-10 hanyuma uvange n'ivu rya soda (Na₂CO₃) ku gipimo cya 10:1
2. Gushonga: Shyushya mu itanura rihindura imiterere kugeza kuri 850-950°C, bikamara amasaha 2-3
3. Oxidation: Shyiramo umwuka ufunze (umuvuduko wa 0.2-0.3MPa), umuvuduko w'amazi uva kuri 2-3m³/(h·t)
4. Kubaka ibisigazwa by'ibimera: Ongeraho ingano ikwiye ya saltpeter (NaNO₃) nk'umusemburo ugabanya ubukana bw'ibimera, ingano ya 3-5% by'uburemere bwa antimoni
5. Gukuraho imyanda: Nyuma yo gutuza iminota 30, kuramo imyanda yo hejuru
6. Subiramo igikorwa: Subiramo igikorwa cyavuzwe haruguru inshuro 2-3

2.1.3 Igenzura ry'ibipimo by'imikorere

• Kugenzura ubushyuhe: Ubushyuhe bwiza 900±20°C
• Igipimo cya alkali: Hindura ukurikije ingano ya arsenic, ubusanzwe 8-12% by'uburemere bwa antimoni
• Igihe cyo gusohora ogisijeni: amasaha 1-1.5 kuri buri ruziga rw'isuku

2.1.4 Uburyo bwo gukuraho Arsenic neza

Ishobora kugabanya ubunini bwa arsenic kuva kuri 2-5% kugera kuri 0.1-0.3%

2.2 Uburyo bwo Guhindura Oxidative Volatilization

2.2.1 Ihame

Ikoresha ikimenyetso cy'uko arsenic oxide (As₂O₃) ihinduka cyane kurusha antimoni oxide. As₂O₃ ihinduka cyane ku bushyuhe bwa 193°C gusa, mu gihe Sb₂O₃ isaba 656°C.

2.2.2 Inzira y'Ibikorwa

1. Gushonga hakoreshejwe ogisijeni: Shyushya mu itanura rizunguruka kugeza kuri 600-650°C hamwe n'umwuka urimo gushyirwamo
2. Gutunganya imyuka ihumanya: Gutera ubushyuhe no kugarura As₂O₃ yangiritse
3. Kugabanya ubushyuhe bwo gushonga: Gabanya ibisigaye kuri 1200°C ukoresheje coke
4. Gutunganya: Ongeramo agace gato k'ivu rya soda kugira ngo wongere gusukura

2.2.3 Ibipimo by'ingenzi

• Igipimo cya ogisijeni: 21-28%
• Igihe cyo gutura: amasaha 4-6
• Umuvuduko wo kuzenguruka kw'itanura: 0.5-1r/min

3. Gutunganya amazi hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi kugira ngo haveho Arsenic

3.1 Uburyo bwo gusohora Alkali Sulfide

3.1.1 Ihame

Ikoresha ikimenyetso cy'uko sulfide ya arsenic ifite ubushobozi bwo gushonga cyane mu bisubizo bya alkali sulfide kurusha sulfide ya antimoni.
As₂S₃ + ​​3Na₂S → 2Na₃AsS₃
Sb₂S₃ + ​​Na₂S → Ntishobora gushonga

3.1.2 Inzira y'Ibikorwa

1. Gusukamo sulfure: Vanga ifu ya antimoni isanzwe na sulfure ku gipimo cya 1:0.3 cy'uburemere, sukamo sulfure kuri 500°C mu gihe cy'isaha 1
2. Gusukura: Koresha umuti wa Na₂S wa 2mol/L, igipimo cy'amazi-gikomeye cya 5:1, uvange kuri 80°C mu gihe cy'amasaha 2
3. Kuyungurura: Kuyungurura hakoreshejwe akamashini ka filter, ibisigazwa bifite antimoni nkeya
4. Kuvugurura: Shyira H₂S muri filtrate kugira ngo wongere Na₂S

3.1.3 Ibisabwa mu mikorere

• Kwibanda kwa Na₂S: 1.5-2.5mol / L.
• pH yo kuvoma: 12-13
• Ubushobozi bwo gusohora amazi: As> 90%, igihombo cya Sb<5%

3.2 Uburyo bwo gusohora aside oxidative

3.2.1 Ihame

Ikoresha ogisijeni yoroshye ya arsenic mu gihe irimo aside, ikoresha ogisijeni nka FeCl₃ cyangwa H₂O₂ mu gushonga neza.

3.2.2 Inzira y'Ibikorwa

1. Gusohora: Mu gisubizo cya 1.5mol/L HCl, ongeramo 0.5mol/L FeCl₃, igipimo cy'amazi-gikomeye cya 8:1
2. Kugenzura ubushobozi: Gukomeza ubushobozi bwo gusohora ogisijeni kuri 400-450mV (ugereranije na SHE)
3. Gutandukanya amazi akomeye n'amazi: Gusukura umwuka uvamo umwuka, kohereza filtrate mu kugarura arsenic
4. Gukaraba: Karaba ibisigazwa bya filter inshuro 3 ukoresheje aside hydrochloric yakuwemo

4. Uburyo bwo Gutunganya Electrolytic

4.1 Ihame

Ikoresha itandukaniro mu bushobozi bwo gushyiramo ibintu hagati ya antimoni (+0.212V) na arsenic (+0.234V).

4.2 Inzira y'Ibikorwa

1. Gutegura anode: Sukura antimoni isanzwe mu masahani ya anode ya 400×600×20mm
2. Imiterere ya Electrolyte: Sb³⁺ 80g/L, HCl 120g/L, inyongera (gelatin) 0.5g/L
3. Ibijyanye na electrolysis:
   • Ubucucike bw'ubu: 120-150A/m²
   • Umuvuduko w'ingirabuzimafatizo: 0.4-0.6V
   • Ubushyuhe: 30-35°C
   • Intera ya electrode: 100mm
4. Uruziga: Kuramo mu kagari buri minsi 7-10

4.3 Ibipimo bya tekiniki

• Ubuziranenge bwa antimoni ya Cathode: ≥99.85%
• Igipimo cyo gukuraho Arsenic: >95%
• Imikorere myiza ubu: 85-90%

5. Ikoranabuhanga Rigezweho ryo Gukuraho Arsenic

5.1 Gutunganya imashini ikoresha umwuka ushyushye

Munsi ya 0.1-10Pa vacuum, ikoresha itandukaniro ry'umuvuduko w'umwuka (Nk'uko: 133Pa kuri 550°C, Sb ikenera 1000°C).

5.2 Oxidation ya Plasma

Ikoresha plasma y'ubushyuhe buke (5000-10000K) mu gusiga arsenic mu buryo bwihariye, mu gihe gito cyo kuyitunganya (iminota 10-30), no mu gukoresha ingufu nke.

6. Igereranya ry'Inzira n'Ibyifuzo byo Guhitamo

Ibyifuzo byo guhitamo:

• Ibiryo bifite arseniki nyinshi (As> 3%): Bikunda gusohora alkali sulfide
• Arsenic iri hagati (0.5-3%): Gutunganya alkali cyangwa electrolysis
• Ibisabwa kugira ubuziranenge buhanitse bwa arsenic: Gutunganya electrolytic birasabwa

7. Umwanzuro

Gukuraho Arsenic muri antimoni isanzwe bisaba gusuzuma neza imiterere y'ibikoresho fatizo, ibisabwa mu bicuruzwa, n'ubukungu. Uburyo gakondo bwo gukoresha pyrometallurgike bufite ubushobozi bwinshi ariko bufite igitutu kinini ku bidukikije; uburyo bwo gukoresha hydrometallurgike bufite umwanda muto ariko bufite inzira ndende; uburyo bwo gukoresha electrolytic butanga ubuziranenge bwinshi ariko bukoresha ingufu nyinshi. Ibyerekezo by'iterambere ry'ejo hazaza birimo:

1. Guteza imbere inyongeramusaruro zifatika
2. Gukoresha neza inzira zihuriweho mu byiciro byinshi
3. Kunoza ikoreshwa ry'umutungo wa arsenic
4. Kugabanya ikoreshwa ry'ingufu n'ibyuka bihumanya ikirere