1. Intangiriro

Antimony, nkicyuma cyingenzi kitari ferrous, ikoreshwa cyane mubirinda umuriro, alloys, semiconductor nizindi nzego. Nyamara, amabuye y'agaciro ya antimoni muri kamere akunze kubana na arsenic, bikavamo ibintu byinshi bya arsenic muri antimoni yubusa bigira ingaruka zikomeye kumikorere no gukoresha ibicuruzwa bya antimoni. Iyi ngingo itangiza uburyo butandukanye bwo kuvanaho arsenic mugusukura antimoni itavanze, harimo gutunganya pyrometallurgical, gutunganya hydrometallurgical, no gutunganya electrolytike, bisobanura amahame yabo, imigendekere yimikorere, imiterere yimikorere, nibyiza / ibibi.

2. Gutunganya Pyrometallurgical Gutunganya Arsenic

2.1 Uburyo bwo gutunganya alkaline

2.1.1 Ihame

Uburyo bwo gutunganya alkaline bukuraho arsenic ishingiye kumyitwarire iri hagati yicyuma cya arsenic na alkali kugirango ikore arsenates. Ingano nyamukuru yerekana:
2As + 3Na₂CO₃ → 2Na₃AsO₃ + 3CO ↑
4Nkuko + 5O₂ + 6Na₂CO₃ → 4Na₃AsO₄ + 6CO₂↑

2.1.2

1. Gutegura ibikoresho bito: Kumenagura antimoni yibice mo 5-10mm hanyuma ukavanga nivu ya soda (Na₂CO₃) mukigereranyo cya 10: 1
2. Gushonga: Shyushya mu itanura rya reverberatory kugeza 850-950 ° C, fata amasaha 2-3
3. Oxidation: Kwinjiza umwuka wugarije (umuvuduko 0.2-0.3MPa), umuvuduko wa 2-3m³ / (h · t)
4. Imiterere ya Slag: Ongeramo urugero rwumunyu (NaNO₃) nka okiside, dosiye 3-5% yuburemere bwa antimoni
5. Gukuraho Slag: Nyuma yo gutuza muminota 30, kura hejuru yubutaka
6. Subiramo ibikorwa: Subiramo inzira yavuzwe haruguru inshuro 2-3

2.1.3 Igenzura ryibikorwa

• Kugenzura ubushyuhe: Ubushyuhe bwiza 900 ± 20 ° C.
• Igipimo cya alkali: Hindura ukurikije ibirimo arsenic, mubisanzwe 8-12% byuburemere bwa antimoni
• Igihe cya Oxidation: amasaha 1-1.5 kuri okiside

2.1.4 Gukuraho Arsenic

Irashobora kugabanya ibirungo bya arsenic kuva kuri 2-5% kugeza 0.1-0.3%

2.2 Uburyo bwa Oxidative Volatilisation

2.2.1 Ihame

Koresha ibiranga okiside ya arsenic (As₂O₃) ihindagurika kuruta okiside ya antimoni. As₂O₃ ihindagurika kuri 193 ° C gusa, mugihe Sb₂O₃ isaba 656 ° C.

2.2.2

1. Gushonga Oxidative: Shyushya mu ziko rizunguruka kugeza kuri 600-650 ° C hamwe no kwinjiza umwuka
2. Gutunganya gaz ya flux: Hindura kandi usubize imbaraga za As₂O₃
3. Kugabanya gushonga: Kugabanya ibikoresho bisigaye kuri 1200 ° C hamwe na kokiya
4. Gutunganya: Ongeramo umubare muto wa soda ivu kugirango irusheho kwezwa

2.2.3 Ibipimo by'ingenzi

• Ubwinshi bwa Oxygene: 21-28%
• Igihe cyo gutura: amasaha 4-6
• Umuvuduko wo guhinduranya itanura: 0.5-1r / min

3. Gutunganya Hydrometallurgical Gutunganya Arsenic

3.1 Uburyo bwa Alkali Sulfide

3.1.1 Ihame

Koresha ibiranga arsenic sulfide ifite solubile nyinshi mubisubizo bya alkali sulfide kuruta antimoni sulfide. Igisubizo nyamukuru:
As₂S₃ + ​​3Na₂S → 2Na₃AsS₃
Sb₂S₃ + ​​Na₂S → Ntibishobora

3.1.2

1. Sulfidation: Kuvanga ifu ya antimoni itavanze na sulfure ku kigereranyo cya 1: 0.3, sulfidize kuri 500 ° C kumasaha 1
2. Kureka: Koresha 2mol / L Na₂S igisubizo, igipimo cyamazi-5: 1, koga kuri 80 ° C mumasaha 2
3. Kurungurura: Akayunguruzo hamwe nayunguruzo, ibisigara ni bike-arsenic antimony yibanze
4. Kuvugurura: Kwinjiza H₂S muyungurura kugirango ubyare Na₂S

3.1.3

• Kwibanda kwa Na₂S: 1.5-2.5mol / L.
• Kureka pH: 12-13
• Gukora neza: Nka> 90%, Sb igihombo <5%

3.2 Uburyo bwa Acide Oxidative Leaching Uburyo

3.2.1 Ihame

Koresha arsenic yoroshye ya okiside mubihe bya acide, ukoresheje okiside nka FeCl₃ cyangwa H₂O₂ kugirango ushireho.

3.2.2

1. Kwiyegereza: Muri 1.5mol / L HCl igisubizo, ongeramo 0.5mol / L FeCl₃, igipimo cyamazi-gikomeye 8: 1
2. Igenzura rishobora: Komeza ubushobozi bwa okiside kuri 400-450mV (vs.SHE)
3. Gutandukana gukomeye-gutemba: Vacuum kuyungurura, ohereza filtrate kugirango arsenic isubirane
4. Gukaraba: Koza akayunguruzo gasigaye inshuro 3 hamwe na acide hydrochloric

4. Uburyo bwo gutunganya amashanyarazi

4.1 Ihame

Koresha itandukaniro mubishobora kubikwa hagati ya antimoni (+ 0.212V) na arsenic (+ 0.234V).

4.2

1. Gutegura Anode: Tera antimoni yuzuye muri plaque 400 × 600 × 20mm
2. Ibigize electrolyte: Sb³⁺ 80g / L, HCl 120g / L, inyongera (gelatine) 0.5g / L
3. Imiterere ya electrolysis:
   • Ubucucike buriho: 120-150A / m²
   • Umuvuduko w'akagari: 0.4-0.6V
   • Ubushyuhe: 30-35 ° C.
   • Intera ya electrode: 100mm
4. Ukuzenguruka: Kura muri selire buri minsi 7-10

4.3 Ibipimo bya tekiniki

• Cathode antimony isukuye: ≥99.85%
• Igipimo cyo gukuraho Arsenic:> 95%
• Ibikorwa bigezweho: 85-90%

5. Ikoreshwa rya tekinoroji yo kuvana Arsenic

5.1 Gukwirakwiza Vacuum

Munsi ya 0.1-10Pa vacuum, ikoresha itandukaniro ryumuvuduko wumuyaga (Nkuko: 133Pa kuri 550 ° C, Sb isaba 1000 ° C).

5.2 Oxidation ya plasma

Koresha plasma yubushyuhe buke (5000-10000K) muguhitamo okiside ya arsenic, igihe gito cyo gutunganya (10-30min), gukoresha ingufu nke.

6. Gutunganya Kugereranya no Gusaba Ibyifuzo

Ibyifuzo byo guhitamo:

• Ibiryo byinshi-arsenic (Nka> 3%): Hitamo alkali sulfide
• Hagati ya arsenic (0.5-3%): Gutunganya alkaline cyangwa electrolysis
• Hasi-arsenic isabwa cyane-isuku: Gutunganya amashanyarazi birasabwa

7. Umwanzuro

Gukuraho Arsenic muri antimoni yubusa bisaba gutekereza cyane kubiranga ibikoresho fatizo, ibisabwa kubicuruzwa, nubukungu. Uburyo bwa pyrometallurgiki gakondo bufite ubushobozi bunini ariko igitutu gikomeye cyibidukikije; uburyo bwa hydrometallurgiki bufite umwanda muke ariko inzira ndende; uburyo bwa electrolytike butanga ubuziranenge bwinshi ariko butwara imbaraga nyinshi. Icyerekezo cy'iterambere ry'ejo hazaza harimo:

1. Gutezimbere inyongeramusaruro nziza
2. Gutezimbere ibyiciro byinshi byahujwe
3. Kunoza imikoreshereze ya arsenic
4. Kugabanya gukoresha ingufu n’ibyuka bihumanya