Selenium, nk'ibikoresho by'ingenzi bya semiconductor n'ibikoresho fatizo byo mu nganda, imikorere yayo igira ingaruka zitaziguye ku buziranenge bwayo. Mu gihe cyo gusukura isuku ya vacuum distillation, imyanda ya ogisijeni ni kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi bigira ingaruka ku buziranenge bwa selenium. Iyi nkuru itanga ikiganiro kirambuye ku buryo butandukanye n'uburyo bwo kugabanya ubwinshi bwa ogisijeni mu gihe cyo gusukura selenium binyuze mu gusukura isuku ya vacuum distillation.

I. Kugabanya Ogisijeni mu cyiciro cyo kuvura mbere y'uko ibikoresho bishaje bivurwa

1. Gutunganya ibikoresho fatizo mbere na mbere

Selenium mbisi isanzwe iba irimo imyanda itandukanye, harimo na okiside. Mbere yo kwinjira muri sisitemu yo gukaraba ibintu mu buryo bwa vacuum, hagomba gukoreshwa uburyo bwo gusukura imiti kugira ngo hakureho okiside zo hejuru. Uburyo bwo gusukura bukunze gukoreshwa burimo:

• Gushonga umuti wa aside hydrochloric (igipimo cya 5-10%): Ishongesha neza ogiside nka SeO₂
• Ethanol cyangwa acetone: Bikoreshwa mu gukuraho imyanda y'umwimerere
• Amazi yakuwemo iayoni: Gusukura inshuro nyinshi kugira ngo ukureho aside isigaye

Nyuma yo gusukura, kumisha bigomba gukorwa mu kirere gifite umwuka utagira umwuka (urugero, Ar cyangwa N₂) kugira ngo hirindwe ko umwuka wongera kwiyongera.

2. Gutunganya ibikoresho fatizo mbere yo kugabanya

Kugabanya uburyo bwo gutunganya ibikoresho fatizo mbere yo kubitunganya mu buryo bwa vacuum bishobora kugabanya cyane ingano ya ogisijeni:

• Kugabanya hydrogen: Gushyira hydrogen ifite ubwiza bwinshi (ubwiza ≥99.999%) kuri 200-300°C kugira ngo ugabanye SeO₂ muri selenium y'ibanze
• Kugabanya karubone: Vanga ibikoresho fatizo bya selenium n'ifu ya karubone yuzuye ubuziranenge bwinshi hanyuma ushyushye kugeza kuri 400-500°C munsi y'umwuka udafite umwuka cyangwa umwuka udafite umwuka, bigatera ingaruka C + SeO₂ → Se + CO₂
• Kugabanya sulfide: Imyuka nka H₂S ishobora kugabanya oxyde za selenium ku bushyuhe buri hasi cyane

II. Gushushanya no kunoza imikorere ya sisitemu yo gusohora imashini zikoresha umwuka

1. Guhitamo no gushyiraho uburyo bwo gusohora imashini zikoresha umwuka

Ahantu hafite umwuka mwinshi ni ingenzi cyane mu kugabanya ubwinshi bwa ogisijeni:

• Koresha ipompo ikwirakwizwa hamwe n'ipompo ikoreshwa mu buryo bwa mechanical, hamwe n'imashini ikoresha umwuka uvamo umwuka igera nibura kuri dogere 10⁻⁴ Pa
• Sisitemu igomba gushyirwaho umutego ukonje kugira ngo hirindwe ko umwuka w'amavuta ukwirakwira inyuma
• Imiyoboro yose igomba gukoresha imitako y'icyuma kugira ngo hirindwe ko imyuka iva mu mitako y'icyuma
• Sisitemu igomba kunyura mu gukaraba bihagije (200-250°C, amasaha 12-24)

2. Kugenzura neza ubushyuhe n'umuvuduko wa distillation

Uburyo bwiza bwo guhuza ibipimo by'imikorere:

• Ubushyuhe bwo gushyuha: Bugenzurwa mu rugero rwa 220-280°C (munsi y'ubushyuhe bwa seleniyumu bwa 685°C)
• Umuvuduko w'umubiri: Ugumana hagati ya 1-10 Pa
• Igipimo cy'ubushyuhe: 5-10°C/iminota kugira ngo hirindwe umwuka mwinshi no gukurura
• Ubushyuhe bw'agace k'ubushyuhe: Buguma kuri 50-80°C kugira ngo habeho ubushyuhe bwuzuye bwa selenium

3. Ikoranabuhanga ryo gukaraba mu byiciro byinshi

Gutunganya umwuka mu byiciro byinshi bishobora kugabanya buhoro buhoro ingano ya ogisijeni:

• Icyiciro cya mbere: Gutunganya imyanda ikabije kugira ngo ikureho imyanda myinshi ihindagurika
• Icyiciro cya kabiri: Kugenzura neza ubushyuhe kugira ngo hakusanywe igice cy'ingenzi
• Icyiciro cya gatatu: Gutunganya buhoro buhoro, ubushyuhe buke kugira ngo haboneke umusaruro mwiza cyane
  Ubushyuhe butandukanye bwo gushonga bushobora gukoreshwa hagati y'ibyiciro kugira ngo gushonga kw'igice kimwe

III. Ingamba z'inyongera ku bikorwa

1. Ikoranabuhanga ryo Kurinda Gazi Idakora

Nubwo ikora mu buryo budafite umwuka, gukoresha neza umwuka udafite umwuka mwinshi bifasha kugabanya ubwinshi bwa ogisijeni:

• Nyuma yo kuva muri sisitemu, uzuzamo argon ifite ubuziranenge bwinshi (ubuziranenge ≥99.9995%) kugeza kuri 1000 Pa
• Koresha uburinzi bw'umuvuduko wa gaze uhoraho, ukomeza gushyiramo agace gato ka argon (10-20 sccm)
• Shyiramo ibikoresho byo gusukura gazi bikoresha imbaraga nyinshi mu nzira z'umwuka kugira ngo ukureho umwuka n'ubushuhe bisigaye.

2. Kongeramo ibikoresho byo gukamura umwuka wa ogisijeni

Kongeramo ibikoresho bikwiye byo gukurura umwuka wa ogisijeni mu bikoresho fatizo bishobora kugabanya neza ingano ya ogisijeni:

• Magnesium metal: Ikorana rikomeye na ogisijeni, rituma MgO
• Ifu ya aluminiyumu: Ishobora gukuraho ogisijeni na sulfure icyarimwe
• Ibyuma bitaboneka cyane: Nka Y, La, nibindi, bifite ingaruka nziza zo gukuraho ogisijeni
  Ingano y'umuyoboro wa ogisijeni isanzwe ni 0.1-0.5 wt% by'ibikoresho fatizo; ingano irenze urugero ishobora kugira ingaruka ku isuku ya selenium

3. Ikoranabuhanga ryo kuyungurura ibintu mu buryo bwa "Fulted Filtration Technology"

Gutunganya selenium ishongeshejwe mbere yo kuyitunganya:

• Koresha filtre za quartz cyangwa ceramic zifite imyenge ya 1-5 μm
• Genzura ubushyuhe bwo kuyungurura kuri 220-250°C
• Ishobora gukuraho uduce duto twa okiside ikomeye
• Akayunguruzo kagomba gukurwamo umwuka mbere y'uko gashyirwa mu cyuma gishyuha cyane

IV. Kubibika nyuma yo kuvurwa

1. Gukusanya no gucunga ibicuruzwa

• Igikoresho cyo gukusanya condenser kigomba gutegurwa nk'inyubako ishobora gukurwaho kugira ngo byoroshye kubikuramo ibintu mu kirere kidakora neza.
• Uduce twa selenium twakusanyijwe tugomba gupfunyikwa mu gasanduku ka argon gants
• Gukata ubuso bishobora gukorwa bibaye ngombwa kugira ngo hakurweho ibice bishobora kuba bya oxide

2. Kugenzura imiterere y'ububiko

• Ahantu ho kubika hagomba kuguma humutse (aho hagera ikime ≤-60°C)
• Koresha ipaki ifunze neza ifite ibyiciro bibiri irimo umwuka udafite ubuziranenge bwinshi
• Ubushyuhe busabwa mu kubika buri munsi ya 20°C
• Irinde ko habaho urumuri kugira ngo wirinde ingaruka zo gutwika uturemangingo tw’izuba (photocatalytic oxidation reactions)

V. Igenzura ry'Ubuziranenge n'Isuzuma

1. Ikoranabuhanga ryo Gukurikirana Ibikoresho kuri Interineti

• Shyiramo ibikoresho bipima imyuka isigaye (RGA) kugira ngo bigenzure umuvuduko wa ogisijeni mu buryo bwihuse
• Koresha ibikoresho byo gupima umwuka wa ogisijeni kugira ngo ugenzure ingano ya ogisijeni mu myuka irinda
• Koresha spectroscopy ya infrared kugira ngo umenye imiterere y'imigozi ya Se-O

2. Isesengura ry'ibicuruzwa ryarangiye

• Koresha uburyo bwo kwinjiza umwuka udafite imyuka ivanze n'imirasire ya infrared kugira ngo umenye ingano ya ogisijeni
• Spektrometry y'ubuso bwa ion bwa kabiri (SIMS) kugira ngo hasesengurwe ikwirakwizwa rya ogisijeni
• X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) kugira ngo harebwe imiterere y'ibinyabutabire ku buso

Binyuze mu ngamba zavuzwe haruguru, ingano ya ogisijeni ishobora kugenzurwa munsi ya 1 ppm mu gihe cyo gusukura selenium mu buryo bworoshye, byujuje ibisabwa kugira ngo habeho isuku nyinshi ya selenium. Mu ikorwa nyaryo, ibipimo by'imikorere bigomba kunozwa hashingiwe ku miterere y'ibikoresho n'ibisabwa ku bicuruzwa, kandi hagashyirwaho uburyo buhamye bwo kugenzura ubuziranenge.