Amazi ya sufuru ni ikintu kitari icyuma gifite ibimenyetso bya S na numero ya atome ya 16. Amazi meza ya sulfure ni kirisiti y'umuhondo, izwi kandi nka sulfuru cyangwa sulfuru y'umuhondo. Amazi ya sulfure ntashobora gushonga mumazi, gushonga gake muri Ethanol, kandi byoroshye gushonga muri karubone disulfideCS2.
1.Imiterere yumubiri
- Amazi ya sufuru ni kristu yumuhondo yijimye, idafite impumuro nziza kandi itaryoshye.
- Amazi ya sufuru afite allotropes nyinshi, zose zigizwe na S.8molekile ya cycle. Ibikunze kugaragara cyane ni sulfour ya orthorhomb (izwi kandi nka rhombic sulfure, α-sulfure) na sulfuru ya monoclinike (izwi kandi nka β-sulfure).
- Sulfuru ya Orthorhombic ni uburyo butajegajega bwa sufuru, kandi iyo bishyushye kugera kuri 100 ° C, birashobora gukonjeshwa kugirango ubone sulfure monoclinic. Ubushyuhe bwo guhinduka hagati ya sulfuru ya orthorhombic na sulfure ya monoclinic ni 95,6 ° C. sulforo ya sorifike ni bwo buryo bwonyine butajegajega bwa sulfure ku bushyuhe bw’icyumba. Imiterere yacyo yera ni umuhondo-icyatsi (sulfuru igurishwa ku isoko igaragara nkumuhondo bitewe nuko hari urugero rwa cycloheptasulfur). Orphorhombic sulfure mubyukuri ntishobora gushonga mumazi, ifite ubushyuhe buke bwumuriro, ni insuliranteri nziza.
- Monoclinic sulfure ninshinge zitabarika zimeze nka kristu zisigaye nyuma yo gushonga sulfure no gusuka amazi arenze. Monoclinic sulfure orthorhombic sulfure ni ibintu bitandukanye bya sulferi yibanze ku bushyuhe butandukanye. Monoclinic sulfure ihagaze neza hejuru ya 95,6 ℃, kandi ku bushyuhe, ihinduka buhoro buhoro muri sulfuru ya orthorhombic. Ingingo yo gushonga ya sulfuru ya orthorhombic ni 112.8 ℃, aho gushonga kwa sulforo monoclinic ni 119 ℃. Byombi birakemuka cyane muri CS2.
- Hariho na sulferi yoroheje. Amashanyarazi ya elastike ni umuhondo wijimye, ukomeye wa elastike udashobora gukemuka cyane muri karubone ya disulfide kurusha izindi allotropes sulfure. Ntishobora gushonga mumazi kandi irashobora gushonga gato muri alcool. Niba sulfure yashongeshejwe isukwa vuba mumazi akonje, sulfure-ndende ndende irakosorwa, irambuye ya sulfure ya elastike. Ariko, bizakomera mugihe kandi bihinduke sulfure monoclinic.
2.Imiterere yimiti
- Amazi ya sufuru arashobora gutwika mu kirere, agakora na ogisijeni akora dioxyde de sulfure (SO₂) gaze.
- Amazi ya sulfure akora hamwe na halogene yose amaze gushyuha. Yaka muri fluor kugirango ikore sulfure hexafluoride. Amazi ya sulfuru hamwe na chlorine kugirango akore disikulide ikaze cyane (S.2Cl2). Uruvange ruringaniye rurimo dichloride itukura ya sulfuru itukura (SCl) irashobora gushirwaho mugihe chlorine irenze urugero na catalizator, nka FeCl3cyangwa SnI4,ni Byakoreshejwe.
- Amazi meza ashobora gukora hamwe na hydroxide ya potasiyumu ishyushye (KOH) kugirango ikore potasiyumu sulfide na potasiyumu thiosulfate.
- Amazi ya sufuru ntabwo yifata namazi na acide idafite okiside. Amazi ya sufuru akora na acide ya nitric ashyushye hamwe na acide sulfurike yibanze kandi irashobora guhinduka okiside muri acide sulfurike na dioxyde de sulfure.
3.Umwanya wo gusaba
- Gukoresha inganda
Imikoreshereze nyamukuru ya sulfuru ni mu gukora ibibyimba bya sulferi nka acide sulfurique, sulfite, thiosulfate, ocyanates, dioxyde de sulfure, carbone disulfide, disulfur dichloride, fosifore ya trichlorosulfon, fosifore sulf, na sulfide y'icyuma. Ibice birenga 80% byokunywa buri mwaka kwisi kwisi ikoreshwa mugukora aside irike. Amazi ya sufuru nayo akoreshwa cyane mugukora reberi yibirunga. Iyo reberi mbisi ihinduwe mubibabi bya reberi, iba ifite elastique nyinshi, imbaraga zo guhangana nubushyuhe bukabije, hamwe no kudashobora gukomera mumashanyarazi. Ibicuruzwa byinshi bya reberi bikozwe muri reberi yibirunga, ikorwa mugukora rebero mbisi hamwe na moteri yihuta kubushyuhe hamwe nigitutu. Amazi ya sufuru nayo arakenewe mugukora ifu yumukara hamwe na match, kandi nikimwe mubikoresho nyamukuru byokoresha umuriro. Byongeye kandi, sulfure irashobora gukoreshwa mugukora amarangi ya sulfuru na pigment. Kurugero, kubara imvange ya kaolin, karubone, sulfure, isi ya diatomaceous, cyangwa ifu ya quartz irashobora kubyara pigment yubururu yitwa ultramarine. Inganda za blach ninganda zimiti nazo zitwara igice cya sulfure.
- Gukoresha ubuvuzi
Amazi ya sufuru ni kimwe mu bigize imiti myinshi y’indwara zuruhu. Kurugero, amavuta ya tung ashyutswe na sulfure kugirango sulfonate hamwe na acide sulfure hanyuma itabangikanywa namazi ya amoniya kugirango ibone amavuta ya tungurusumu. Amavuta 10% yakozwe muri yo afite ingaruka zo kurwanya no gukara kandi arashobora gukoreshwa mukuvura uruhu rutandukanye no kubyimba.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-09-2024