Cadmium itunganya intambwe nibipimo

I. Gutegura ibikoresho bito no kwezwa kwambere

1. ‌Gutegura ibiryo byiza bya Cadmium‌

• ‌Gukaraba Acide‌: Shira ingero zo mu rwego rwa inganda za kadmium muri 5% -10% ya acide acide ya nitric kuri 40-60 ° C mumasaha 1-2 kugirango ukureho okiside yo hejuru hamwe numwanda wibyuma. Kwoza amazi ya deionised kugeza pH idafite aho ibogamiye na vacuum yumye.
• ‌Hydrometallurgical Leaching. Kurungurura no kongeramo ifu ya zinc (inshuro 1,2-1.5 inshuro stoichiometric ratio) kugirango yimurwe kugirango ubone sponge cadmium‌

1. ‌Gushonga no Gutera‌

• Shyiramo sponge cadmium mumababi meza ya grafite ya grafite, ushonga munsi yikirere cya argon kuri 320-350 ° C, hanyuma usuke mubishushanyo bya grafite kugirango ukonje buhoro. Gukora ingots zifite ubucucike ≥8,65 g / cm³

II. Gutunganya Zone

1. ‌Ibikoresho n'ibipimo‌

• Koresha itambitse rya zone ireremba itanura rifite ubugari bwa zone yashongeshejwe ya mm 5-8, umuvuduko wa 3-5 mm / h, na 8-12 utunganya. Ubushyuhe bukabije: 50-80 ° C / cm; vacuum ≤10⁻³ Pa
• ‌Gutandukanya umwanda‌. Kuraho igice cya nyuma 15-20% gikungahaye ku mwanda, ugera ku kwera hagati ≥99.999%

1. ‌Igenzura ryingenzi‌

• Ubushyuhe bwa zone yashonze: 400-450 ° C (hejuru gato gato ya kadmium yashonga ya 321 ° C);
• Igipimo cyo gukonja: 0.5-1.5 ° C / min kugirango ugabanye inenge za lattice;
• Igipimo cya Argon: 10-15 L / min kugirango wirinde okiside

III. Gutunganya amashanyarazi

1. ‌Amashanyarazi‌

• Ibigize electrolyte: Cadmium sulfate (CdSO₄, 80-120 g / L) na aside sulfurike (pH 2-3), hamwe na 0.01-0.05 g / L gelatine yongeweho kugirango yongere ubwinshi bwa cathode

1. ‌Ibipimo‌

• Anode: Isahani ya kadmium yuzuye; Cathode: Isahani ya Titanium;
• Ubucucike buriho: 80-120 A / m²; Umuvuduko w'akagari: 2.0-2.5 V;
• Ubushyuhe bwa Electrolysis: 30-40 ° C; Igihe rimara: amasaha 48-72; Cathode yera ≥99.99% ‌

IV. Kugabanya Vacuum Kugabanya

1. ‌Kugabanya Ubushyuhe Bwinshi no Gutandukana‌

• Shira intungamubiri za kadmium mu itanura rya vacuum (igitutu ≤10⁻² Pa), shyira hydrogène nkigabanuka, kandi ushushe kuri 800-1000 ° C kugirango ugabanye okiside ya kadmium ya kadmium. Ubushyuhe bwa kondereseri: 200-250 ° C; Ubuziranenge bwa nyuma ≥99.9995%

1. ‌Gukuraho Umwanda‌

• Isasu risigaye, umuringa, nibindi byanduye byuma ≤0.1 ppm;
• Oxygene irimo ≤5 ppm‌

V. Czochralski Gukura kwa Crystal imwe

1. ‌Kugenzura Gushonga n'imbuto Gutegura‌

• Shyiramo intungamubiri za kadmium nyinshi mu musaraba wa quartz ufite isuku nyinshi, ushonga munsi ya argon kuri 340-360 ° C. Koresha <100> -yerekejweho imbuto imwe ya cadmium ya cadmium (diameter 5-8 mm), mbere yometse kuri 800 ° C kugirango ukureho imihangayiko y'imbere

1. ‌Ikirahure gikurura ibipimo‌

• Gukurura umuvuduko: 1.0-1.5 mm / min (icyiciro cyambere), 0.3-0.5 mm / min (gukura-guhoraho-leta);
• Kuzunguruka gukomeye: 5-10 rpm (kurwanya-kuzunguruka);
• Ubushyuhe bukabije: 2-5 ° C / mm; Ubushuhe bukomeye bwamazi yubushyuhe ≤ ± 0.5 ° C‌

1. ‌Ubuhanga bwo Kurwanya‌

• ‌Imfashanyo ya Magnetique‌: Koresha 0.2-0.5 T ya magnetiki ya axial kugirango uhagarike imivurungano ishonga kandi ugabanye imyanda ihumanye;
• ‌Kugenzura ubukonje.

VI. Nyuma yo gutunganya no kugenzura ubuziranenge

1. ‌Imashini ya Crystal‌

• ‌Gukata‌.
• ‌Kuringaniza‌.

1. ‌Ibipimo byiza‌

• ‌Isuku‌: GDMS (Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry) yemeza Fe, Cu, Pb ≤0.1 ppm;
• ‌Kurwanya‌: ≤5 × 10⁻⁸ Ω · m (ubuziranenge ≥99.9999%);
• ‌Icyerekezo cya Crystallographic‌: Gutandukana <0.5 °; Ubucucike bwa Dislocation ≤10³ / cm²

VII. Inzira yo Gukwirakwiza Amabwiriza

1. ‌Intego yo gukuraho umwanda‌

• Koresha ion-guhana ibisigisigi kugirango uhitemo adsorption ya Cu, Fe, nibindi, uhujwe na zone ibyiciro byinshi gutunganya kugirango ugere ku cyera cya 6N (99.9999%) ‌

1. ‌Kuzamura Automatisation‌

• AI algorithms ihindura imbaraga zikurura umuvuduko, ubushyuhe bwa gradients, nibindi, kongera umusaruro uva kuri 85% ukagera kuri 93%;
• Gupima ubunini bugera kuri santimetero 36, bushoboze kugaburira icyiciro kimwe cya kg 2800, kugabanya ingufu zikoreshwa kuri 80 kWt / kg

1. ‌Kuramba no Kugarura Ibikoresho‌

• Kuvugurura imyanda yoza aside ukoresheje ion guhana (Cd kugarura ≥99.5%);
• Koresha imyuka ihumanya hamwe na carbone adsorption ikora + alkaline scrubbing (Cd vapor recovery ≥98%) ‌

Incamake

Gukura kwa kadmium kristu no kweza bihuza hydrometallurgie, ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwo gutunganya umubiri, hamwe na tekinoroji yo gukura neza. Binyuze muri acide, gutunganya zone, electrolysis, distillation distillation, hamwe no gukura kwa Czochralski - hamwe no gukoresha automatike hamwe n’ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije - bituma habaho umusaruro uhamye wo mu rwego rwa 6N urwego rwo hejuru-rufite ubuziranenge bwa kadmium imwe rukumbi. Ibi byujuje ibyifuzo bya detekeri za kirimbuzi, ibikoresho bifotora, hamwe nibikoresho bigezweho bya semiconductor. Iterambere ry'ejo hazaza rizibanda ku gukura kwinshi kwa kristu, gutandukanya umwanda ugamije, hamwe n’umusaruro muke wa karubone