Gutunganya selenium ifite isuku nyinshi (≥99.999%) bisaba guhuza uburyo bufatika n'ubutabire bwo gukuraho imyanda nka Te, Pb, Fe, na As. Ibi bikurikira ni inzira n'ibipimo by'ingenzi:
1. Gutunganya imashini ikoresha umwuka ushyushye
Urugendo rw'Inzira:
1. Shyira selenium isanzwe (≥99.9%) mu cyuma gikozwe muri quartz mu itanura rikoresha amashanyarazi.
2. Shyushya kugeza kuri 300-500°C munsi y'umwuka uvamo umwuka (1-100 Pa) mu gihe cy'iminota 60-180.
3. Umwotsi wa selenium winjira mu cyuma cy’ingufu gifite ibice bibiri (icyiciro cyo hasi gifite uduce twa Pb/Cu, icyiciro cyo hejuru cyo gukusanya selenium).
4. Gukusanya selenium mu cyuma cyo hejuru cya condenser;碲(Te) n'indi myanda ishyuha cyane biguma mu cyiciro cyo hasi.
Ibipimo:
- Ubushyuhe: 300-500°C
- Umuvuduko: 1-100 Pa
- Ibikoresho bya kondensateri: Quartz cyangwa icyuma kitagira umugese.
2. Gusukura imiti + Gutunganya ifu y'ibinyabutabire
Urugendo rw'Inzira:
1. Gutwika: Selenium ikoze mu buryo bwa oxidation (99.9%) hamwe na O₂ kuri 500°C kugira ngo habeho imyuka ya SeO₂ na TeO₂.
2. Gukuramo ibintu bishongesha: Shyira SeO₂ mu gisubizo cya ethanol-amazi, uyungurure TeO₂ precipitate.
3. Kugabanya: Koresha hydrazine (N₂H₄) kugira ngo ugabanye SeO₂ ikaba selenium y'ibanze.
4. De-Te yimbitse: Oxyde ya selenium yongera kuyishyira muri SeO₄²⁻, hanyuma uyikuremo Te ukoresheje uburyo bwo kuyikuramo.
5. Gutunganya burundu isuku y'ibinyabutabire: Gusukura seleniyumu kuri 300-500°C na 1-100 Pa kugira ngo ubone ubuziranenge bwa 6N (99.9999%).
Ibipimo:
- Ubushyuhe bwa oxidation: 500°C
- Igipimo cya Hydrazine: Gikabije kugira ngo ugabanuke burundu.
3. Gusukura amashanyarazi
Urugendo rw'Inzira:
1. Koresha electrolyte (urugero, aside selenous) ifite ubucucike bw'amashanyarazi bwa 5-10 A/dm².
2. Selenium yishyira kuri cathode, mu gihe oxyde za selenium zihinduka kuri anode.
Ibipimo:
- Ubucucike bw'ubu: 5-10 A/dm²
- Electrolyte: aside selenous cyangwa umuti wa selenate.
4. Gukuramo ibintu bishongesha
Urugendo rw'Inzira:
1. Kuramo Se⁴⁺ mu gisubizo ukoresheje TBP (tributyl phosphate) cyangwa TOA (trioctylamine) mu gice cy’aside hydrochloric cyangwa sulfuric.
2. Kuramo seleniyumu hanyuma uyishyiremo amazi, hanyuma wongere uyishyiremo.
Ibipimo:
- Umusaruro: TBP (HCl medium) cyangwa TOA (H₂SO₄ medium)
- Umubare w'ibyiciro: 2-3.
5. Gushonga k'ahantu
Urugendo rw'Inzira:
1. Gushonga inshuro nyinshi mu bice bya selenium kugira ngo ukureho imyanda.
2. Bikwiriye kugera ku buziranenge bwa >5N uhereye ku bikoresho byo gutangiza bifite ubuziranenge bwinshi.
Icyitonderwa: Ikenera ibikoresho byihariye kandi ikoresha ingufu nyinshi.
Igitekerezo ku gishushanyo
Kugira ngo ubone amashusho, reba imibare ikurikira yo mu nyandiko:
- Gushyiraho Vacuum Distillation: Ishusho ya sisitemu ya condenser ifite ibyiciro bibiri.
- Ishusho y'icyiciro cya Se-Te: Igaragaza imbogamizi zo gutandukana bitewe n'aho ibintu birushaho kumera nk'aho bitangiye kumera.
Amareferensi
- Uburyo bwo gusya ifu n'imiti mu buryo bwa vacuum:
- Gukuramo electrolytic na solvent:
- Ubuhanga buhanitse n'imbogamizi:
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-21-2025