7N Gukura kwa Tellurium no gukura

7N Gukura kwa Tellurium no gukura

‌I. Gutegura ibikoresho bito no kwezwa mbere

1. ‌Guhitamo Ibikoresho Byoroheje no Kumenagura‌

• ‌Ibisabwa‌.
• ‌Inzira yo Kwitegura‌:
• Kumenagura bikabije kugeza ku bunini bwa mm5mm, hagakurikiraho gusya umupira kugeza kuri mesh 200;
• Gutandukanya Magnetique (ubukana bwa magnetique ≥0.8T) kugirango ukureho Fe, Ni, nibindi byangiza bya magneti;
• Ibimera byimbuto (pH = 8-9, abakusanya xanthate) kugirango batandukane SiO₂, CuO, nindi myanda itari magnetique.
• ‌Kwirinda‌: Irinde kwinjiza ubushuhe mugihe cyo kwitegura neza (bisaba gukama mbere yo kotsa); kugenzura ubushuhe bw’ibidukikije ≤30%.

1. ‌Pyrometallurgical Kotsa na Oxidation‌

• ‌Ibipimo‌:
• Ubushyuhe bwa Oxidation: 350-600 ° C (kugenzura ibyiciro: ubushyuhe buke bwo gusohora, ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwa okiside);
• Igihe cyo gutwika: amasaha 6-8, hamwe na O₂ umuvuduko wa 5-10 L / min;
• Reagent: Acide sulfurike yibanze (98% H₂SO₄), igipimo rusange Te₂SO₄ = 1: 1.5.
• ‌Imiti‌:
  Cu2Te + 2O2 + 2H2SO4 → 2CuSO4 + TeO2 + 2H2OCu2 Te + 2O2 + 2H2 SO4 → 2CuSO4 + TeO2 + 2H2 O
• ‌Kwirinda‌: Kugenzura ubushyuhe ≤600 ° C kugirango wirinde guhindagurika kwa TeO₂ (ingingo itetse 387 ° C); kuvura gaze hamwe na scrubbers ya NaOH.

II. Amashanyarazi hamwe na Vacuum Gukwirakwiza

1. ‌Amashanyarazi‌

• ‌Sisitemu ya Electrolyte‌:
• Ibigize electrolyte: H₂SO₄ (80–120g / L), TeO₂ (40-60g / L), inyongera (gelatine 0.1–0.3g / L);
• Kugenzura ubushyuhe: 30-40 ° C, umuvuduko ukabije wa 1,5-2 m³ / h.
• ‌Ibipimo‌:
• Ubucucike buriho: 100-150 A / m², ingufu za selile 0.2–0.4V;
• Umwanya wa electrode: 80-120mm, uburebure bwa cathode 2–3mm / 8h;
• Gukuraho umwanda neza: Cu ≤5ppm, Pb ≤1ppm.
• ‌Kwirinda‌: Mubisanzwe muyungurura electrolyte (ubunyangamugayo ≤1μm); gutunganya polike anode hejuru kugirango wirinde passivation.

1. ‌Gukwirakwiza Vacuum‌

• ‌Ibipimo‌:
• Urwego rwa Vacuum: ≤1 × 10⁻²Pa, ubushyuhe bwa disillation 600-650 ° C;
• Ubushyuhe bwa zone ya kondereseri: 200-250 ° C, Te korohereza imyuka ≥95%;
• Igihe cyo gusibanganya: 8–12h, ubushobozi bumwe-50 kg.
• ‌Ikwirakwizwa ry'umwanda‌: Umwanda utetse (Se, S) urundanya imbere ya kondenseri; umwanda mwinshi cyane (Pb, Ag) uguma mubisigisigi.
• ‌Kwirinda‌: Sisitemu yo kubanziriza pompe kuri ≤5 × 10⁻³Pa mbere yo gushyushya kugirango wirinde Te okiside.

III. Gukura kwa Crystal (Icyerekezo cya Crystallisation) ‌

1. ‌Iboneza Ibikoresho‌

• ‌Gukura kwa Crystal Model‌: TDR-70A / B (ubushobozi bwa 30 kg) cyangwa TRDL-800 (ubushobozi bwa 60 kg);
• Ibikoresho byingenzi: Igishushanyo kinini-cyuzuye (ibirimo ivu ≤5ppm), ibipimo Φ300 × 400mm;
• Uburyo bwo gushyushya: Graphite irwanya ubushyuhe, ubushyuhe ntarengwa 1200 ° C.

1. ‌Ibipimo‌

• ‌Kugenzura‌:
• Ubushyuhe bwo gushonga: 500-520 ° C, gushonga pisine 80-120mm;
• Gazi ikingira: Ar (ubuziranenge ≥99.999%), umuvuduko 10-15 L / min.
• ‌Ibipimo bya Crystallisation‌:
• Igipimo cyo gukurura: 1-3mm / h, umuvuduko wo kuzunguruka kristu 8–12rpm;
• Ubushyuhe bukabije: Axial 30-50 ° C / cm, radial ≤10 ° C / cm;
• Uburyo bukonje: Umuringa ukonjesha amazi (ubushyuhe bwamazi 20-25 ° C), gukonjesha hejuru.

1. ‌Kugenzura Umwanda‌

• ‌Ingaruka zo Gutandukanya‌: Umwanda nka Fe, Ni (coeffisente yo gutandukanya <0.1) yegeranya kumupaka wingano;
• ‌Gukuraho Amagare‌: 3-5 inzinguzingo, umwanda wuzuye ≤0.1ppm.

1. ‌Kwirinda‌:

• Gupfukirana hejuru ya plaque ya plaque kugirango uhagarike Te volatilisation (igipimo cyigihombo ≤0.5%);
• Kurikirana diameter ya kirisiti mugihe nyacyo ukoresheje ibipimo bya laser (ubunyangamugayo ± 0.1mm);
• Irinde ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe> ± 2 ° C kugirango wirinde kwiyongera kwa dislocation (intego ≤10³ / cm²).

‌IV. Kugenzura ubuziranenge hamwe n'ibipimo by'ingenzi

V. Ibidukikije n’umutekano Amasezerano

1. ‌Gutunganya gaz‌:

• Umwuka ukaranze: Kutabogama SO₂ na SeO₂ hamwe na NaOH scrubbers (pH≥10);
• Vacuum distillation umunaniro: Hindura kandi usubize Te vapor; imyuka isigaye yamamajwe hakoreshejwe karubone ikora.

1. ‌Gusubiramo ibicuruzwa‌:

• Anode slime (irimo Ag, Au): Gukira ukoresheje hydrometallurgie (sisitemu ya H₂SO₄-HCl);
• Ibisigisigi bya electrolysis (birimo Pb, Cu): Garuka kuri sisitemu yo gushonga umuringa.

1. ‌Ingamba z'umutekano‌:

• Abakora bagomba kwambara masike ya gaze (Te vapor ni toxic); komeza umwuka mubi (igipimo cyo guhanahana ikirere ≥10 cycle / h).

Amabwiriza ngenderwaho yo gutezimbere

1. ‌Kurwanya Ibikoresho Byoroheje‌.
2. ‌Ikirahure cyo gukuramo ibiciro‌: Hindura umuvuduko ukurura ukurikije gushonga (Reynolds numero Re≥2000) kugirango uhagarike itegeko nshinga;
3. ‌Ingufu‌.